Aquatic ecology free essay sample

Broken up oxygen will be oxygen that is caught in a liquid, for example, water. Since for all intents and purposes each living life form expects oxygen to endure, it is a fundamental part of water frameworks, for example, streams, lakes and waterways so as to help oceanic life. The broke up oxygen is measure in units of ppmâ€or parts per million. Inspect the information in Table 2 indicating the measure of broke down oxygen present and the quantity of fish saw in the waterway the example was taken from; at last, answer the inquiries beneath. Table 2: Water quality versus fish populace 1. In view of the data in Table 2, what examples do you watch? The more broken up oxygen in the water, the more fish are seen around there of water. We will compose a custom article test on Amphibian environment or on the other hand any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page 2. Build up a theory identifying with the measure of disintegrated oxygen estimated in the water test and the quantity of fish saw in the waterway. In the event that there is progressively disintegrated oxygen in the water, there will be more fish are seen in the region of water. 3. What might your test approach be to test this speculation? To test the theory I would do likewise to get the outcomes on the table. Test the oxygen in various territories of the water and monitor the measure of fish in the zone to later look at the outcomes. 4. What are the autonomous and ward factors? Autonomous Variable-Dissolved Oxygen Dependent-Fish 5. What might be your control? In this investigation I don’t accept there would be an approach to have a control since the fish would should have the option to move their own to lead the test. 6. What sort of chart would be proper for this informational collection? Why? I feel that a line diagram would be the best kind of chart to pass on this data. It would bolster the theory alongside demonstrating the outcomes in a reasonable way. 7. Diagram the information from the table above. ? 8. Decipher the information from the chart made in Question 7. The diagram shows that when the measure of Dissolved Oxygen expanded the quantity of fish in the region increment and when the measure of oxygen diminishes the measure of fish decline.  © 2010 eScience Labs, Inc. All Rights Reserved ? Disintegrated Oxygen (ppm) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 Number of Fish Observed 0 1 3 10 12 13 15 10 12 13

Self centered Essay Example for Free

Narcissistic Essay In Society, Many individuals act unsympathetic towards each other. An incredible case of how somebody would treat each other in the public arena is in Willa Cather’s short story â€Å"Paul’s Case. Where the Protagonist, Paul, shows an absence of compassion in the manner in which he acts when he faces himself with individuals and upsetting circumstances. For Instance when Paul was â€Å"questioned by the Principal with respect to why he was there, Paul expressed, cordially enough, that he needed to return to school† (pg171). Despite the fact that, he said graciously that he needed to return to schoolí ¾ he lied. Despite the fact that, reevaluate that Paul didn’t state whatever else, because of dread of objection from his dad. What was increasingly unseemly was his appearance of the shameful red carnation in his buttonhole that he wore to the principal’s office that indicated he had an absence of accommodation towards power to his instructors. Besides, when additionally stood up to by his instructor while he guided at Carnegie Hall. Paul reflected himself â€Å"the tickets had presumably been sent her out of kindness†(pg 173), While including â€Å"she had no business among these fine individuals and gay colors† (pg173). By thinking along these lines, Paul shows no sympathy towards anybody he realizes that might have the option to get the rich belongings or amusement that he longedâ ­for. That he would have never experienced except if he guided at Carnegie Hall.

Communications Plan - Free Essay Example

Communications Plan Learning Team C Louis Lough University of Phoenix BUS/475 Communications Plan Fast Lane Raceway Mission Statement Fast Lane Raceway’s mission is to provide a fast, safe, and challenging race track for track cars and motorcycles. To provide secure climate controlled storage of vehicles, lodging, and comfortable club house facilities for customers and club members. By designing a two and a half mile road course including 12 turns with elevation changes on perfectly maintained pavement, Fast Lane Raceway will cater to the even the most advanced and devout racing enthusiast down to the newest rider or drivers looking for a safe environment learn. Offering club memberships with discounts, supporting local car and motorcycle racing organizations, and putting customer safety first will place Fast Lane Raceway above the competition in the eyes of our customers. Vision Statement The vision statement for Fast Lane Raceway is: To provide a raceway unmatched in q uality, racing development skills, and facilities. Goals The goals of Fast Lane Raceway are to meet all objectives and become a profitable competitive business in the racing environment. Objectives †¢ Complete construction of registration and classroom building with fully functional locker rooms prior to the predetermined opening date. †¢ Maximize secured land for a fast and technical track with several elevation changes. Find racing and driving organizations in the area to contract with to ensure monthly business prior to opening and after. †¢ Begin construction of paddocks and vehicle storage facilities within the first year of operating. †¢ Secure a spot on the circuit of tracks for racing organizations in the region. Communications Template |Deliverable/Description |Type |Target Audience(s) |Delivery Method |Delivery Frequency |Who Responsible? | |(Man/Mktg/ Info) | | | | | |Construction Timeline |Mandatory |Fast Lane Raceway |Email |Weekly |Site Manager | | | |management | | | | |Track Design |Mandatory |Fast Lane Raceway |Blueprints and design |One Time |Contracted Track | | | | | | |Designer | |Advertisement Flyers |Marketing |Local motorcycle |Flyers |Replenished in |Fast Lane Raceway staff | |Listing scheduled track days and | |riders and drivers. | |locations monthly. | |general information about the new | | | | | | |business and services provided to | | | | | | |riders and drivers. | | | | | | |Sponsorship |Info |Local rider and driver|In person and telephone|Annually |Fast Lane Raceway | |Gain sponsorship from local driver| |organizations. |discussions. | |management | |and rider organizations. | | | | | | Communications Plan 1

Good versus Evil in William Golding’s Lord of the Flies...

In William Golding’s Lord of the Flies, a young group of boys crash on an uncharted island. In the beginning the boys are excited to be alone, unsupervised by adults. But as the novel progresses, the boys begin to show their true nature. Through the boys, Golding attempts to expose the true nature of humankind, the good, the evil, and the in between. Simon represents the rare, truly good people in the world, the ones that do not do what they do to look good in another’s eyes, or because that is what is expected of them. Simon was alone on the island, one such time Golding says, â€Å"He looked over his shoulder . . . and glanced swiftly around to confirm that he was utterly alone† (56). In this instance, he is literally alone, but he is the†¦show more content†¦In the beginning, when order still reigns on the island, Jack seems to be the good English schoolboy. Although upset that he is not elected as chief on the island, he and Ralph soon become friend s, while he and the other choir boys are given responsibility to keep the fire going and hunt, and doing this keeps Jack pleased, for a while. However, as time progresses and Jack becomes more and more obsessed with hunting, his savage nature begins to show through the civilized side. His chants of, â€Å"Kill the pig! Cut his throat! Kill the pig! Bash him in!† represent his, and many of the other boys, desire, almost need to kill (Golding 114). Soon, Jack completely turns his back Ralph; running off with many other boys to the other, more savage, side of the island. Here, the boys hunt constantly, covered with war paint and carry spears, a bona fide savage. The lure of meat and fun soon bring the rest of the boy to Jack’s side of the island, it is here where the boys, including Ralph, participate in the murder of Simon. As the time progresses and Jack becomes more and more savage, his more violent nature comes out. Before the boys are rescued, Jack has already commit ted two murders, Simon and Piggy, and attempts to kill Ralph. Ralph is like neither of the others. Ralph represents the civilized side of human nature. Soon after the boys arrival on the island Ralph is elected as chief of the boys. Ralph believes that instead of playing on the island the firstShow MoreRelatedWilliam Golding s Lord Of The Flies1745 Words   |  7 Pages1954 novel, Lord of the Flies by Nobel Prize-winner William Golding is a dystopian allegory indicative of vast aspects of the human condition. Set in the midst of a nuclear war, the text details a group of marooned British school boys as they regress to a primitive state. Free from the rules and structures of civilisation and society, the boys split into factions - some attempting to maintain order and achieve common goals; others seeking anarchy and violence. The novel is based on Golding’s experienceRead MoreThe Lord of the Flies by William Golding1306 Words   |  5 PagesIn The Lord of the Flies, William Golding creates a microcosm that appears to be a utopia after he discharged from the British Royal Navy following World War II. After an emergency landing, Golding places a diverse group of boys on the island that soon turns out to be anything but utopia. The island the boys are on turns out to be an allegorical dystopia with inadequate conditions (Bryfonski 22). The boys reject all lessons they learned from their prior British society, and they turn towards theirRead MoreWilliam Golding s Lord Of The Flies1389 Words   |  6 PagesA response to Lord Of The Flies Imagine an airplane crash. The heat of flames scorch passengers’ backs in addition to the wind burning their faces. Lucky, this crash was over water and near an island so most passengers survive, with an exception of the airplane staff and the pilot. Even though alive, many are in fits of fear and panic, and others are in shock. After hurried deliberation, a lone member of the group is elected leader in hopes that they will calm the panic, and make the hard, but necessaryRead MoreGood Versus Evil in Lord of the Flies by William Golding Essay1235 Words   |  5 PagesGood vs. Evil Many years ago, Charles Darwin introduced a theory that we humans are a species which evolved from animals that have inhabited the Earth for many years, and he believed that we were civilized, intelligent, and logical life forms for these very reasons. In the novel, Lord of the Flies by William Golding there is a prominent theme of good versus evil which reveals that maybe humans are not the civilized human beings that they were said to be. William Golding carefully netted this themeRead MoreLord Of The Flies By William Golding1540 Words   |  7 Pagesviews of the concept of â€Å"good versus evil†. British author William Golding wrote his novel, Lord of the Flies, during this time and it reflects this uneasy atmosphere. The character development, along with the carefully chosen symbolism of the novel suggests that Golding wrote Lord of the Flies as an allegory to the people and events of the Cold War, but also to present his future predictions for the Cold War; both of the se exhibit the views of the concept of â€Å"good versus evil† prevalent at the timeRead Morehow is violence presented in lord of the flies1425 Words   |  6 Pagesviolence presented in Lord of the Flies? Planning (remember to get quotes): Key ideas: Introduction Setting - This island - pathetic fallacy, descriptions Binary oppositions: Civilisation vs savagery (breakdowns). Zoomorphism Binary oppositions: Dictatorship vs democracy (juxtapositions) Deaths of Simon and Piggy – animalistic, savage chanting, violent behaviour when they let their temptations get the better of them. Simon and the beast? Conclusion – end of the novel William Golding exploresRead MoreHow Does Golding Present the Theme of Good Versus Evil in the Novel Lord of the Flies?3069 Words   |  13 PagesHow does Golding present the theme of good versus evil in the novel Lord of the Flies? William Goldings novel Lord of the Flies is at first impression a dramatic adventure story about a group of boys stranded on an island, whilst being evacuated from a war-torn world. However to the perceptive reader a more meaningful level of Goldings Lord of the Flies emerges. The novel is designed as an allegory; to a get a warning across to mankind about what Golding called the Essential sicknessRead MoreCivility Vs. Savagery In William Goldings Lord Of The Flies1397 Words   |  6 PagesIn the novel â€Å"Lord of the Flies† written by William Golding the novels main theme was civility versus savagery. The novel is about school boys who get stranded in an island because the airplane the boys were in was shot down. The only adult who was the pilot died so the boys had to learn how to survive without any adults. The schoolboys were aged ranged from 6 to 12 and since there is no adult supervision the boys vote for a leader which causes conflict with two boys. Things begin to get out of handRead MoreOrder Versus Chaos in Lord of the Flies1198 Words   |  5 Pages â€Å"Ralph wept for the end of innocence, the darkness of man’s heart, and the fall through the air of a true, wise friend called Piggy† (Golding 225). In William Golding’s Lord of the Flies, he uses the theme of order versus chaos to show that good has the capacity to become evil. It starts with the boys’ beginnings on the island, to the breakdown of their society, to the tragedies that unfold their civilization. The boys are victims of a deteriorating civilization that turns them intoRead MoreWilliam Golding s Lord Of The Flies Essay1911 Words   |  8 Pagesanother. William Golding’s Lord of the Flies serves as a perfect fictional example of such questioning. Set on an island during World War II, a group of British schoolchildren become stranded on an island and therefore manage to â€Å"escape† the savage war-time conditions at home. However, it quickly becomes evident that savagery abounds on the island as well. Famous and somewhat nihilistic thinker Friedrich Nietzsche would have had insightful analysis regarding the interactions in Golding’s Lord of the

The Pharmaceutical Industry and the AIDS Crisis in...

The Pharmaceutical Industry and the AIDS Crisis in Developing Countries  · Describe the nature of supplying drugs to emerging markets at an affordable price without undermining their profits  · Research and analyse in depth the effectiveness of one proposed policy response to this issue. Introduction 1 2001 saw a flurry of events, as highlighted in the excepts of the case study, which caused an awareness by the international community of the inequality between rich and poor nations in the care and treatment of people living with HIV/AIDS. 2 Epitomized by the lawsuit against the South African government, the drug companies want desperately to be seen helping fight the global AIDS crisisÂ… but the companies also remain unwavering in†¦show more content†¦By setting at this price, it could largely meet the demands for the patients in high-income countries, but it also meant that the demand of the low-income countries would not be met since they were unable to afford the price. (This is also due to the relatively higher elasticity of demand in low-income countries.) Sold in the market at a uniform price, the total revenue (price x quantity) for the drug companies is thus maximized. The surplus of revenue over marginal manufacturing costs would fund the sunk costs (of RD and factory building) and any profits. Rationale for Lower Prices Ââ€" Price Discrimination 9 However, with mounting pressures from the public to provide greater access to the drugs especially to the lower-income countries, as well as to counter the increased competition from generic drugs, the drug companies have adopted a different pricing policy. Economic theory also emphasizes that firms in monopoly (or oligopoly) position can rationally practice price discrimination. This means that the drug companies can offer different prices for the same product according to the characteristics of each segment of the demand on markets. 10 It would be the firm s rational behaviour to offer the highest prices for customers with the lowest price elasticity of demand (and the highest willingness-to-pay), in this case, to maintain the high price for high-income countries. On the other hand, the firm can alsoShow MoreRelatedPatents And Its Impact On The World1254 Words   |  6 Pagesapplicable to industry. Patents were initiated for many reasons including providing property rights for accomplishments of people along with preventing market failure to occur through free riding. While patents provide many benefits to the world, many side effects or disadvantages have resulted from these ownerships of rights which have led to many temporary monopolies. One large impact which patents have had on the world is the impact on access to medication through pharmaceutical companies. TheRead MoreEssay On Patent Systems1057 Words   |  5 PagesPatent or not to patent? Access to essential medicine in developing countries There has been a long-standing debate around the private right of owning an idea and monetising it versus the public good achievable through that idea. This is particularly relevant when the idea or innovation is one for a product or technology that can save lives or combat diseases. In this case, argument arise for a moral obligation to share such ideas which must be balanced against the right to commercialise these ideasRead MoreThe Glbal Phamaceutical Industry1609 Words   |  7 Pages : 19852274 Assignment Title : The Global Pharmaceutical Industry. Date : 10 March 2012 Programme : BTECH-MANAGEMENT IV Question 1 Identify the main environmental forces currently affecting the global pharmaceutical industry? PESTEL analysis of the global pharmaceutical industry: Political * Governments set stringent regulation and is a powerful purchaser. * Governments around the world focus on pharmaceuticals as a politically easy target in their efforts to controlRead More Pharmaceutical Companies Stand in the Way of Treatment Essay3558 Words   |  15 PagesPharmaceutical Companies Stand in the Way of Treatment Abstract This casebook concentrates on the negative effects that the pharmaceutical industry’s trade and production policies have on third world nations suffering from disease epidemics. My position is that pharmaceutical companies are not concerned with the health benefits of their drugs, but rather with the market that their drugs generate. I illustrate this notion by describing the trade policies that pharmaceutical companies influenceRead MorePharmaceutical Rights and Marketing1175 Words   |  5 Pagescost of the medication. Many pharmaceutical companies have begun to find gaps within the government patent system. As rivalry has started to grow, many of these pharmaceutical companies are beginning to use product patents to create a monopoly. The ending result is to change the patent law and increase restrictions in order to provide fairness and reasonable prices. Although, we have made significant strides in research and development for HIV medication, pharmaceutical companies have yet to findRead MoreEssay On Essential Medicine933 Words   |  4 Pageslack of medicine in third world countries abroad and fight medical patenting that is making medical prices to skyrocket, thus causing inaccessibility of drugs for patients. Experts, like the AMA (American Medical Association) and the FDA (Food and Drug Association), and activists like WHO (World Health Organization) and the AAMC (Association of American Medical Colleges) join UAEM in this effort to fight monopolizing drug cartels and this global socio-medical crisis. AMA, FDA, WHO, and AAMC have madeRead MorePharmaceutical Companies2392 Words   |  10 PagesThere is a lot of discussion about pharmaceutical companies, intellectual property, and the global AIDS epidemic. Do pharmaceutical companies have a responsibility to distribute drugs for free or low cost in developing countries? Why is intellectual property such a big deal? What impact would South Africa’s decision to levy duties on drugs in the country have on the international distribution of drugs? Was the change that provided patent protection for pharmaceutical companies an appropriate changeRead MorePHARMACEUTICAL PATENTING IN INDIA:PROBLEM OF PUBLIC ACCESS TO HEALTH5190 Words   |  21 Pagesï » ¿PHARMACEUTICAL PATENTING IN INDIA:PROBLEM OF PUBLIC ACCESS TO HEALTH TABLE OF CASES 1) Novartis AG v. Union of India, (2007) 4 MLJ 1153 2) Bayer Corporation Others v. Cipla, UOI others, 2009(41) PTC 643 (Del). INTRODUCTION A pharmaceutical drug, also referred to as medicine, is a chemical substance used in the medication or in the preparation of medication for treatment, cure, prevention or diagnosis of  disease. The definition of the term drug includes articles intended for useRead MoreThe Concept of Product Patent for Pharmaceutical Products Is Likely to Make Life Saving Medicine Beyond the Reach of the Poor and Deprived Section of the Society Around the World. a Number of African Countries Have Been3046 Words   |  13 PagesMANAGEMENT ASSIGNMENT QUESTION: The concept of product patent for pharmaceutical products is likely to make life saving medicine beyond the reach of the poor and deprived section of the society around the world. A number of African countries have been the worst hit by the spective of AIDS. CIPLA an Indian Pharmaceutical Company has offered to market ant aids medicine at one length the cost at which it is sold by global pharmaceutical firm. However due to the product patent, law, substantial controversyRead MoreBenefits Of Genetically Modified Food Essay1734 Words   |  7 Pagesof the food crisis (Ingham, 29914). As the nation’s president, it is my responsibility to make decisions that will best serve today’s population, and provocate success for the generations to come. Equally weighing both of these responsibilities led to my decision to refuse the US donations in the form of genetically modified crops. I realize the severity of the situation which plagues my people, but I cannot leave the extended welfare of my country to chance. My decision to refuse aid in the form

Human Resource Management Attractive Incentive Programs

Question: Describe and critically evaluate the approach to employee reward taken by an organisation of your choice, identifying the key reward choices made (see page 471 of Beardwell Thompson 2014). Your answer should cover the following; What messages does the reward strategy in the chosen organisation convey? To what extent does the reward strategy in the organisation drive individual performance? Answer: Introduction Bertelsen (2012) has said that reward system is one of the attractive incentive programs that tend to encourage the employee engagement in the organization by offering bonuses, increased payment rate along with additional time off. In this particular task, the focus would be shed on describing as well as evaluating the approach to the employee reward system adopted by a company along with the proper identification of the key reward choices made at the organization (Bratton and Gold 2012). In order to carry out the entire study, Google has been selected and some of the important aspects of Google's reward system would be analyzed in this particular paper. The message conveyed through the reward strategy as well as the impact of the reward strategy on the individual performance would be critically examined. Apart from that, some of the active recommendations would be suggested in order to enhance the present situation. Message conveyed through the reward strategy of the selected company On analysis of the reward system of Google, it can be found that the company provides some of the attractive rewards to their employees like spot bonus, manager level, annual review, employee promotion, annual bonus and stock grants and refreshers. It can be said that Google is one of the contemporary companies that has been engaged in finding several new ways as well as approaches to recruit the top talents, retain the top talent as well as finding new paths to motivate the existing employees for providing maximum output (Chen et al. 2012). Looking at the company reward system, it can be said that the bottom line of the company is to make maximum profit, attract the talents, retain the abilities as well as motivate the top most existing talents in the company for fetching maximum output (Cummings and Worley 2014). The management of the company believes that the way they can get the best performance is offering the best rewards in the industry. The company provides reimbursement of up to $5000 to the employees for legal expense, maternity benefits of a maximum 18 weeks off at about 100% pay (Snelgar et al. 2013). Apart from that, the company financially supports the employees for adopting a child and at the GooglePlex, there is always a doctor and free fitness centers as well as trainers are available for the employee assistance (Google 2016). Lunch and dinner are available at free of cost for the workers and additionally an assortment of delicious and healthy meal is available every day for the employee prepared by gourmet chefs. It can be stated that the company pays entire attention for the well-being of the employees as they believe that relaxation, extra payment, reward system are the best motivating factors that enhance the employee performance (Mowday et al. 2013). Google is associated with innovation in every aspect of their business and they rely on multiple reward system to motivate the young talents and it has the most notable peer to peer recognition program. The employees work hard to receive this prestigious recognition and the company motivates the employees highly. The comprehensive service provided by the company is to make the employees feel valued and stay healthy and save time. The company wants their employees to travel without worries, spend more time with friends and families and thus attractive reward systems are the highly shed focus on (Snelgar et al. 2013). Impact of reward strategy on individual performance in the organization Ulrich (2013) has said that the performance of each employee in the organization is significant and at the time of designing the reward policy, the management of the company is required to look at it carefully. The company believes that one of the most commonly used methods for the company is positive reinforcement in which a persons behavior is highly strengthened. The management of the company believes that extrinsic reward system motivates the employees, as this takes into account the salary because this is directly proportionate with the job satisfaction of the employees. On the other hand, it has been seen that extrinsic reward system as well as major important aspect of employee motivation and this includes aspects apart from financial motivation (Walker 2012). The rules and regulations of the company motivates the employees for achieving the rewards, as the company has a reward policy for two people who are doing their jobs unfairly and reward them unfairly. It is of no doubt to say that all the employees in the organization want to become an integral part of the whole business and the reward policy influence the employees to achieve more, so that they can quickly become a part of the whole business (Jiang et al. 2012). When the workers come to realize that the company arranges free breakfast, lunch, dinner and the chef made organic foods for them, as the health of the employees matters to the company; it automatically enhances the employee performance (Wei et al. 2012). Free health and dental check up for the employees, free dry cleaning, free haircuts, subsidized massages, gyms and swimming pools for recreation purpose, nap pods, death benefits, video games, football and ping pong are some of the essential facilities that motivates the employees to perform best in the company. The values of being valued enhance the work performance of the employees and this increase the company growth. These facilities have gradually helped the company to achieve this position. The management believes that appreciation is the best motivation and these directly motivate the employees to enhance their performance in the workplace. Google always opines that they love their employees and they always want to let the employees know the fact. Therefore, it can be stated that the employees are, as several facilities are meant to drive them on a large scale (Zhang, et al. 2013). If focus is shed on Apple, it can be seen that the company does not arrange attractive reward sy stem for their employees. When the employees are promoted to further designations, they do not enjoy high rise in remuneration. This demotivates the employees and hampers their performance as well. Moreover, the company does not arrange proper training for their employees and this as well hampers the productivity of the employees. Some of the valid recommendations In the previous section, a detailed study has been made of the rewards and benefits systems available in Google for the employees. Apart from that, it has been seen that these facilities motivate the employees to give their best outcome to the company and thus Google presently has become of one of most desired places for work. However, it has been found that the company in spite of providing such facilities to the company faces some of the challenges in the present day scenario. The company has been gradually increasing job satisfaction and commitment and this is growing the work pressure on the employees. With the gradual increase in the provided services and facilities for the employees, the employees most of the time enjoy a great relaxation and this affects the work progress to some extent (Google 2016). The company gives freedom over how and when tasks are completed. These practices have been changing the work progress in some cases and this part is required to look at carefully. The management has planned huge benefits and facilities to the employees and sometimes these facilities make the employees idle. Once an employee gets all facilities in the workplace without that much of effort, it is evident enough to say that the employee will lose the value of the labor and this would affect the productivity of the company. It is recommended that the corporation is required to be more judgmental at the time of providing services to the employees. It has been seen that the employees in Google are allowed greater discretion on their hours of work and also on when they can go as well as have some fun whether in takes into account getting a massage. Apart from that, it has been seen that the company allows its employees 20% of their time per week to do anything they like. The employees are required to make understood that the corporation value them a lot and then act accordingly (Ulrich 2013). Otherwise, the employees would not pay their entire attention to the overall growth of the organization and the facilities provided by the company to the employees would be in vein. Conclusion After completion of the entire study, it can be said that Google is one of the leading organizations that attract the employees as this is one of the best places to work. The company provides huge facilities and benefits to the employees and these huge relaxations and benefits sometimes affect the productivity of Google. The employees sometimes become idle and the provided freedom on their task is one of the reasons of this redundancy. Compared to other companies, it can be said that Google at present is one of the leading companies that focuses on customer motivation through proper and attractive reward system. The management of the company believes that of the employees are to motivate at the workplace, they are required to provide some effective rewards to the employees. Therefore, after discussing the reward strategy of Google, the researcher has significantly analyzed the impact of this reward system on the performance of the employees. Apart from that, it has been seen that the some of the effective recommendations have been provided here based on the addressed issues in the workplace. References Google, 2016. [online] Google.com. Available at: https://www.google.com/about/ [Accessed 10 Mar. 2016]. Bertelsen, B., 2012. Everything you need to know about employee motivation. [Newmarket, Ont.]: BrainMass Inc. Bratton, J. and Gold, J., 2012.Human resource management: theory and practice. Palgrave Macmillan. Chen, C.X., Williamson, M.G. and Zhou, F.H., 2012. Reward system design and group creativity: An experimental investigation.The Accounting Review,87(6), pp.1885-1911. Cummings, T. and Worley, C., 2014.Organization development and change. Cengage learning. Hendry, C., 2012.Human resource management. Routledge. Jiang, K., Lepak, D.P., Hu, J. and Baer, J.C., 2012. How does human resource management influence organizational outcomes? A meta-analytic investigation of mediating mechanisms.Academy of management Journal,55(6), pp.1264-1294. Mowday, R.T., Porter, L.W. and Steers, R.M., 2013.Employeeorganization linkages: The psychology of commitment, absenteeism, and turnover. Academic Press. Snelgar, R.J., Renard, M. and Venter, D., 2013. An empirical study of the reward preferences of South African employees.SA Journal of Human Resource Management,11(1), pp.14-pages. Ulrich, D., 2013.Human resource champions: The next agenda for adding value and delivering results. Harvard Business Press. Walker, S., 2012. Employee engagement and communication research. London: Kogan Page. Wei, Y.S., Frankwick, G.L. and Nguyen, B.H., 2012. Should firms consider employee input in reward system design? The effect of participation on market orientation and new product performance.Journal of Product Innovation Management,29(4), pp.546-558. Zhang, X., De Pablos, P.O. and Zhou, Z., 2013. Effect of knowledge sharing visibility on incentive-based relationship in Electronic Knowledge Management Systems: An empirical investigation.Computers in Human Behavior,29(2), pp.307-313.

Love And Marriage

Researchers agree that marriages have been changing throughout recent decades. For instance, Elliott (2008) notes that people tended to remain in their marriages even though they did not obtain emotional and psychological satisfaction as the marriage was seen as a social institution aimed at addressing social and economic issues.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Love And Marriage specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More At present, people seek for emotional and psychological satisfaction and are reluctant to work hard to preserve their marriages. Though, there are people who are satisfied with their relationships. Researchers claim that this satisfaction comes from self-expansion, i.e. people affect each other and share positive experiences (Neff Karney, 2009). Notably, the social expansion theory has gained popularity among researchers. The present research is aimed at discovering the correlation between satisf action with marriage and self-expansion in marriage. The hypothesis can be formulated as follows: there is a strong correlation between the degree of self-expansion and satisfaction with marriage. The quantitative method is employed in the present research. Two couples (an unmarried and a married couple) completed questionnaires. They rated key factors which are important for the happy marriage. They also chose a pattern on the Inclusion of Other in the Self Scale. Finally, they reported on their satisfaction with their marriage. The results of the present research suggest that the hypothesis is confirmed. Thus, the partners in the unmarried couple had similar views on the importance of sharing experiences and understanding. The two partners chose the circle, which shows a considerable degree of self-expansion. The partners also reported that they were satisfied with their relationship even though one of the partners felt their relationship was getting into a rut. When it comes to t he married couple, the partners rated the key factors quite differently though they both mentioned such aspects as trust, responsibility, communication and wealth.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The two partners also noted that their life was getting into a rut. Finally, the degree of their self-expansion is quite low. Remarkably, the partners were not totally satisfied with their marriage (one of the partners was ‘somewhat satisfied’ while the other was ‘somewhat dissatisfied’). Therefore, it is possible to note that there is certain correlation between the degree of satisfaction with marriage and the degree of self-expansion. The partners who reveal considerable degree of self-expansion reported about their satisfaction with their relationship while those reporting about their dissatisfaction show low self-expansion degree. It is necessary to not e that the results of the present research can have a number of implications. In the first place, the results justify accuracy of social expansion theory. The results can be seen as an illustration of the major claim of the theory’s opponents that self-expansion in marriage results in satisfaction and proper relationships. Thus, Parker-Pope (2010) states that ‘happy marriages’ are based on shared values and positive experiences. Tsapelas, Aron and Orbuch (2010, p. 545) also point out that â€Å"enhancing positive† is as important as â€Å"eliminating negatives†. Clearly, there are still gaps in the theory and further research is needed. For example, Brody et al. (2009) highlight certain gaps in the theory. Thus, it is still unclear whether openness is one of the crucial factors affecting people’s relationship. The researchers note that happy marriages are not always characterized by openness though partners report about their satisfaction wit h their marriage (Brody et al., 2009). Therefore, it is important to discover the correlation between openness and marriage satisfaction. On the other hand, the present research also illustrates effectiveness of questionnaires. This method requires less time than other strategies (e.g. interviewing). It also ensures relevance of the data obtained. Clearly, during interviews people may be somewhat constrained and tend to be insincere. When it comes to questionnaires, people are more focused and determined to provide truthful answers due to anonymity. Admittedly, the data obtained only help trace some trends. As has been mentioned above, questionnaires can include a lot of meaningful questions and people spend less time completing them. Nonetheless, such methods as interviews provide researchers with more detailed information.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Love And Marriage specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn Mor e Interviews can also help reveal some factors that affect people’s decisions. It is also possible to trace people’s reactions while asking questions, which can also be important. When it comes to research on marriage, it can be effective to combine the two methods to obtain more information. It is necessary to note that the present study has a number of limitations. One of the major limitations is certain lack of data. Further research on the matter is necessary. The research should include more participants. The research can be based on questionnaires which should be expanded. It can also be beneficial to hold a number of interviews with several participants. Furthermore, the present research focuses on the degree of satisfaction with relationship, but it does not reveal factors that determine attraction. In other words, it is not clear how people start their relationship, in the first place. At that, it is important to understand how people are attracted to be abl e to analyze their relationship in the future. Sharing similar values is seen as one of the key factors affecting development of relationship though physical attraction is also an important factor. It is accepted that different people are attracted to each other. Brody et al. (2009) note that people tend to strive for new discoveries. Clearly, this is quite difficult when partners are very similar as they know everything about themselves and their partners. This understanding can soon grow in boredom (Tsapelas, Aron Orbuch, 2010). On the other hand, totally different people will not be able to develop proper relationship and have a ‘happy’ marriage. Totally different people are unlikely to share similar values. Self-expansion will require additional effort and partners’ commitment in such relationship. Irrespective of these limitations, the present research provides valuable insights into the nature of marriages. It also helped understand existing gaps in the st udy. Thus, further research may involve analysis of such aspects as factors affecting people’s attraction and socioeconomic factors influencing development of relationship.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Further research will involve more participants and the mixed research method will be employed. Participants will complete more detailed questionnaires and some participants will be interviewed. Clearly, social expansion theory will be the basis of the further research as it has proved to be effective. Participants will contemplate the degree of their self-expansion. All in all, it is possible to note that the present research is the first step which can result in a profound analysis of marriages. Admittedly, it is essential to understand what factors affect people’s relationship to help people have ‘happy’ marriages. This, in its turn, will help the society develop properly as a strong state is built by strong and happy families. Reference List Brody, S., Wright, S.C., Aron, A., McLaughlin-Volpe, T. (2009). Compassionate love for individuals in other social groups. In B. Fehr, S. Sprecher, L.G. Underwood (Eds.), The science of compassionate love: Theory, resea rch, and applications (pp. 201-223). Malden, MA: John Wiley Sons. Elliott, A. (2008). Contemporary social theory: An introduction. New York, NY: Routledge. Neff, L.A., Karney, B.R. (2009). Compassionate love in early marriage. In B. Fehr, S. Sprecher, L.G. Underwood (Eds.), The science of compassionate love: Theory, research, and applications (pp. 201-223). Malden, MA: John Wiley Sons. Parker-Pope, T. (2010, December 31). The happy marriage is the ‘me’ marriage. The New York Times. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/02/weekinreview/02parkerpope.html?_r=3 Tsapelas, I., Aron, A., Orbuch, T. (2009). Marital boredom now predicts less satisfaction 9 years later. Psychological Science, 20(5), 543-545. This research paper on Love And Marriage was written and submitted by user Yaretzi Williamson to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Principles of Newtons Law of Gravity

Principles of Newtons Law of Gravity Newtons law of gravity defines the attractive force between all objects that possess mass. Understanding the law of gravity, one of the fundamental forces of physics, offers profound insights into the way our universe functions. The Proverbial Apple The famous story that Isaac Newton came up with the idea for the law of gravity by having an apple fall on his head is not true, although he did begin thinking about the issue on his mothers farm when he saw an apple fall from a tree. He wondered if the same force at work on the apple was also at work on the moon. If so, why did the apple fall to the Earth and not the moon? Along with his Three Laws of Motion, Newton also outlined his law of gravity in the 1687 book Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica (Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy), which is generally referred to as the Principia. Johannes Kepler (German physicist, 1571-1630) had developed three laws governing the motion of the five then-known planets. He did not have a theoretical model for the principles governing this movement, but rather achieved them through trial and error over the course of his studies. Newtons work, nearly a century later, was to take the laws of motion he had developed and applied them to planetary motion to develop a rigorous mathematical framework for this planetary motion. Gravitational Forces Newton eventually came to the conclusion that, in fact, the apple and the moon were influenced by the same force. He named that force gravitation (or gravity) after the Latin word gravitas which literally translates into heaviness or weight. In the Principia, Newton defined the force of gravity in the following way (translated from the Latin): Every particle of matter in the universe attracts every other particle with a force that is directly proportional to the product of the masses of the particles and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. Mathematically, this translates into the force equation: FG Gm1m2/r2 In this equation, the quantities are defined as: Fg The force of gravity (typically in newtons)G The gravitational constant, which adds the proper level of proportionality to the equation. The value of G is 6.67259 x 10-11 N * m2 / kg2, although the value will change if other units are being used.m1 m1 The masses of the two particles (typically in kilograms)r The straight-line distance between the two particles (typically in meters) Interpreting the Equation This equation gives us the magnitude of the force, which is an attractive force and therefore always directed toward the other particle. As per Newtons Third Law of Motion, this force is always equal and opposite. Newtons Three Laws of Motion give us the tools to interpret the motion caused by the force and we see that the particle with less mass (which may or may not be the smaller particle, depending upon their densities) will accelerate more than the other particle. This is why light objects fall to the Earth considerably faster than the Earth falls toward them. Still, the force acting on the light object and the Earth is of identical magnitude, even though it doesnt look that way. It is also significant to note that the force is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the objects. As objects get further apart, the force of gravity drops very quickly. At most distances, only objects with very high masses such as planets, stars, galaxies, and black holes have any significant gravity effects. Center of Gravity In an object composed of many particles, every particle interacts with every particle of the other object. Since we know that forces (including gravity) are vector quantities, we can view these forces as having components in the parallel and perpendicular directions of the two objects. In some objects, such as spheres of uniform density, the perpendicular components of force will cancel each other out, so we can treat the objects as if they were point particles, concerning ourselves with only the net force between them. The center of gravity of an object (which is generally identical to its center of mass) is useful in these situations. We view gravity and perform calculations as if the entire mass of the object were focused at the center of gravity. In simple shapes - spheres, circular disks, rectangular plates, cubes, etc. - this point is at the geometric center of the object. This idealized model of gravitational interaction can be applied in most practical applications, although in some more esoteric situations such as a non-uniform gravitational field, further care may be necessary for the sake of precision. Gravity Index Newtons Law of GravityGravitational FieldsGravitational Potential EnergyGravity, Quantum Physics, General Relativity Introduction to Gravitational Fields Sir Isaac Newtons law of universal gravitation (i.e. the law of gravity) can be restated  into  the form of a  gravitational field, which can prove to be a useful means of looking at the situation. Instead of calculating the forces between two objects every time, we instead say that an object with mass creates a gravitational field around it. The gravitational field is defined as the force of gravity at a given point divided by the mass of an object at that point. Both  g  and  Fg  have arrows above them, denoting their  vector nature. The source mass  M  is now capitalized. The  r  at the end of the rightmost two formulas has a carat (^) above it, which means that it is a  unit vector  in the direction from the source point of the mass  M. Since the vector points away from the source while the force (and field) are directed toward the source, a negative is introduced to make the vectors point in the correct direction. This equation depicts a  vector field  around  M  which is always directed toward it, with a value equal to an objects gravitational acceleration within the field. The units of the gravitational field are m/s2. Gravity Index Newtons Law of GravityGravitational FieldsGravitational Potential EnergyGravity, Quantum Physics, General Relativity When an object moves in a gravitational field,  work  must be done to get it from one place to another (starting point 1 to  endpoint  2). Using calculus, we take the integral of the force from the starting position to the end position. Since the gravitational constants and the masses remain constant, the integral turns out to be just the integral of 1 /  r2  multiplied by the constants. We define the gravitational potential energy,  U, such that  W  Ã‚  U1  -  U2. This yields the equation to the right, for the Earth (with mass  mE. In some other gravitational field,  mE  would be replaced with the appropriate mass, of course. Gravitational Potential Energy on Earth On the Earth, since we know the quantities involved, the gravitational potential energy  U  can be reduced to an equation in terms of the mass  m  of an object, the acceleration of gravity (g   9.8 m/s), and the distance  y  above the coordinate origin (generally the ground in a gravity problem). This simplified  equation  yields  gravitational potential energy  of: U  Ã‚  mgy There are some other details of applying  gravity on the Earth, but this is the relevant fact with regards to gravitational potential energy. Notice that if  r  gets bigger (an object goes higher), the gravitational potential energy increases (or becomes less negative). If the object moves lower, it gets closer to the Earth, so the gravitational potential energy decreases (becomes more negative). At an infinite difference, the gravitational potential energy goes to zero. In general, we really only care about the  difference  in the potential energy when an object moves in the gravitational field, so this negative value isnt a concern. This formula is applied in energy calculations within a gravitational field.  As a form of energy, gravitational potential energy is subject to  the law of conservation of energy. Gravity Index: Newtons Law of GravityGravitational FieldsGravitational Potential EnergyGravity, Quantum Physics, General Relativity Gravity   General Relativity When Newton presented his theory of gravity, he had no mechanism for how the force worked. Objects drew each other across giant gulfs of empty space, which seemed to go against everything that scientists would expect. It would be over two centuries before a theoretical framework would adequately explain  why  Newtons theory actually worked. In his  Theory of General Relativity,  Albert Einstein  explained gravitation as the curvature of spacetime around any mass. Objects with greater mass caused greater curvature, and thus exhibited greater gravitational pull. This has been supported by research that has shown light actually curves around massive objects such as the sun, which would be predicted by the theory since space itself curves at that point and light will follow the simplest path through space. Theres greater detail to the theory, but thats the major point. Quantum Gravity Current efforts in  quantum physics  are attempting to unify all of the  fundamental forces of physics  into one unified force which manifests in different ways. So far, gravity is proving the greatest hurdle to incorporate into the unified theory. Such a  theory of quantum gravity would finally  unify  general relativity with quantum  mechanics into a single, seamless and elegant view that all of  nature  functions under one fundamental type of particle interaction. In the field of  quantum gravity, it is theorized that there exists a  virtual particle  called a  graviton  that mediates the gravitational  force because that is how the other three fundamental forces operate (or one force, since they have been, essentially, unified together already). The graviton has not, however, been experimentally observed. Applications of Gravity This article has addressed the fundamental principles of gravity. Incorporating gravity into kinematics and mechanics calculations is pretty easy, once you understand how to interpret  gravity on the surface of the Earth. Newtons major goal was to explain planetary motion. As mentioned earlier,  Johannes Kepler  had devised three laws of  planetary motion  without the use of Newtons law of gravity. They are, it turns out, fully consistent and one can prove all of Keplers Laws by applying Newtons theory of universal gravitation.

Effects of personality on work performance and organization behaviour Essay

Effects of personality on work performance and organization behaviour - Essay Example Workforce diversity has increasingly become a major issue for an organization in the contemporary work environment. As observed by Mkonji & Sikalieh (2012), organizational performance has been therefore increasingly becoming highly dependent on behavioural patterns and personality of individuals; it is one of the important factors when gauging such dependent factors. Personality refers to the unique pattern of emotions, thoughts and behaviour exhibited by individuals. It is important that organizations understand different personalities and nurture them to perform towards a harmonized organization value or goals (Borman, 2004). The increasingly globalised and technologically enhanced operational environment has meant that today’s organizations have been pushed towards post-modernism. In effect, management has to be conscious of the different personalities within the organization so that performance is not negatively affected. This paper examines the extent to which personality of workers is likely to affect both performance and behaviour in today’s organizations. It looks at the negative and positive effects of different personality traits in relation to job performance. Different organizational behavioural theories will be used as the basis of discussions. The five factor model of different individual’s personality that includes extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability and openness to experience will be mainly used in the discussions. This paper will also address the implications of the findings to management in today’s organizations. ... This approach where an individual’s personality is gauged on the way they react in certain situations is referred to as the interactionist perspective of viewing personalities. A violent worker, for instance, will be likely to react negatively to agitation by other workers or interruptions in the systems. However, this might vary due to the implications of his actions or the consequences. In such cases, the personality of the individual may be restrained to the benefit of the organization even though it may not fully guarantee performance. Consequently, personality may, in turn, be influenced by several factors that may include job demands and social norms (Funharm, 2008). Whereas job demands are those duties or tasks assigned to particular jobs, social norms refer to the pressures that come with an individual’s association or otherwise to certain groups that may include organizational culture. Generally, these factors are classified as either facilitators or constraint s. On one hand, the facilitators are those that encourage an individual to behave in a certain way whereas the constraints discourage individuals from certain behaviours. This is therefore an important aspect of personality influence on organizational behaviour and work performance. An organization with a standard personality that is likely to encourage faster execution of tasks and fewer interruptions is likely to record performance. On the other hand, an organization with conflicting personality types that have no bearing on each other will likely be faced with difficulties in ensuring good performance. This is because it is likely to have both non performers and good performers in the same set up who cannot guide each other to success. While there are factors that influence an

Online Socializing Has Given Rise to Social Isolation Essay

Online Socializing Has Given Rise to Social Isolation - Essay Example   When there is too little interaction with people, man tends to get socially isolated and becomes depressed. This gives rise to anxiety and stress which is not manageable by the person himself. Hampton, Sessions and Her state: â€Å"Evidence from the US General Social Surveys (GSS) suggests that during the past 20 years, people have become increasingly socially isolated and their core discussion networks have become smaller and less diverse.† When a person spends hours and hours in front of the computer screen behind the objective of staying connected to the people online, he is unaware that he is getting disconnected from the world around him, and is getting oblivious of those living around him who need him and can make him happier than the online community. Social isolation creates adverse effects on the family relationships because online socializing works â€Å"by divorcing social relationships from physical reality and moving them beyond our local community† (Ro bins, qt. in Straubhaar, LaRose and Davenport 437). Hence, we can say that social isolation, anxiety, depression, and loneliness are linked with each other, and the root cause is the epidemic of online socializing. Literature supports that online networking gives rise to many problems.  Ã‚  

The (Feasibility)pratical of Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in Essay

The (Feasibility)pratical of Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in Delivery of Parcels - Essay Example the feasibility of the use of UAVs will help companies such DHL, UPS and FedEx as that specialize in service delivery reduce the cost of operation and consumer charges eventually bringing in efficiency and effectiveness. Moreover, the present tech-savvy society will be able to straightforwardly manage their parcel delivery time thus giving them more intuition. This report uses the qualitative technique where various literatures including journals, research articles, books and papers shall be referenced. Secondary sources will help in determining the drone’s pragmatism, acquiescence, and security. Due to time constraint and data inadequacy, this study shall not delve into the relationship between UAVs and technology or how technology impacts on parcel delivery. However, it hopes to efficaciously answer the questions within the stipulated scope, and recommend what parcel delivery companies should

Women in Buddhism Essay -- Religion Religious Philosophy Essays

Women in Buddhism The role of women in religion, especially Eastern religions, is a strange one. Western religions are fairly straightforward about a women's place. For example, most Western religions (excluding the Roman Catholic Church) allow women in leadership roles within the religious community. Judaism allows women rabbis, most Christian religions allow women ministers, and even Islam, which does not allow women mullah, have had many influential female sufi's throughout Islamic history. Women have had similar roles in Eastern religion. However, the big difference in Eastern religion is in the philosophical or scriptural attitude towards women versus the actual, "everyday role" of women. According to the Bhagavad Gita, "...those who take shelter in Me, though they be of lower birth -- women, vaisyas (merchants), as well as sudras (workers) -- can approach the supreme destination." (Bhagavad Gita, 9:32) This places women in a spiritual role similar to that of men. However, because of the place of women in traditional Indian society, women are thought to be inferior. This is clearly expressed in the Gita in a number of chapters. Women are thought to be untrustworthy and stupid, easily corrupted (1:40), and a hindrance to men on the path to liberation (16:11- 12). The Manu-samhita, a Hindu book that lays down "the law of the human race," explains that women should not be given freedom and should be protected at all times. According to Swami Prabhupada, the leader of the Krishna Consciousness movement, "That does not mean that women are to be kept as slaves, but they are like children. Children are not given freedom, but that does not mean they are kept as... ...untries, such as Japan, Korea and India, develop more equality towards women, female religious teachers should become much more common. This may be just what Buddhism needs to shake it from its lethargy, and give it a boost of much needed energy. As it stands now, the United States has become the spiritual center for Buddhism, a fact that has a lot to do with the role of women in these traditions. WORKS CITED A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, trans. Bhagavad Gita As It Is. New York: Collier Books, 1972. Bays, Gwendolyn, trans. The Lalitavistara Sutra. Berkeley, CA: Dharma Publishing, 1983. Coomaraswamy, Ananda. Buddha and the Gospel of Buddhism. Secaucus, NJ: Citadel Press, 1988. Tworkow, Helen. Butsumon. Spring 1990. San Francisco: Buddhist Bookstore and Buddhist Churches of America. Women in Buddhism Essay -- Religion Religious Philosophy Essays Women in Buddhism The role of women in religion, especially Eastern religions, is a strange one. Western religions are fairly straightforward about a women's place. For example, most Western religions (excluding the Roman Catholic Church) allow women in leadership roles within the religious community. Judaism allows women rabbis, most Christian religions allow women ministers, and even Islam, which does not allow women mullah, have had many influential female sufi's throughout Islamic history. Women have had similar roles in Eastern religion. However, the big difference in Eastern religion is in the philosophical or scriptural attitude towards women versus the actual, "everyday role" of women. According to the Bhagavad Gita, "...those who take shelter in Me, though they be of lower birth -- women, vaisyas (merchants), as well as sudras (workers) -- can approach the supreme destination." (Bhagavad Gita, 9:32) This places women in a spiritual role similar to that of men. However, because of the place of women in traditional Indian society, women are thought to be inferior. This is clearly expressed in the Gita in a number of chapters. Women are thought to be untrustworthy and stupid, easily corrupted (1:40), and a hindrance to men on the path to liberation (16:11- 12). The Manu-samhita, a Hindu book that lays down "the law of the human race," explains that women should not be given freedom and should be protected at all times. According to Swami Prabhupada, the leader of the Krishna Consciousness movement, "That does not mean that women are to be kept as slaves, but they are like children. Children are not given freedom, but that does not mean they are kept as... ...untries, such as Japan, Korea and India, develop more equality towards women, female religious teachers should become much more common. This may be just what Buddhism needs to shake it from its lethargy, and give it a boost of much needed energy. As it stands now, the United States has become the spiritual center for Buddhism, a fact that has a lot to do with the role of women in these traditions. WORKS CITED A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, trans. Bhagavad Gita As It Is. New York: Collier Books, 1972. Bays, Gwendolyn, trans. The Lalitavistara Sutra. Berkeley, CA: Dharma Publishing, 1983. Coomaraswamy, Ananda. Buddha and the Gospel of Buddhism. Secaucus, NJ: Citadel Press, 1988. Tworkow, Helen. Butsumon. Spring 1990. San Francisco: Buddhist Bookstore and Buddhist Churches of America.

Cultural interview

Adriana was going to react to certain topics/questions and this made me apprehensive about conducting the interview. I was nervous that she might feel vulnerable about her hearing impediment since she is a private individual. She was ridiculed in school and did not have many friends. I was unaware if Adriana would avoid questions or become emotional about her childhood. I was also apprehensive about mentioning her nationality and if she felt that she had experienced racism. I remained empathetic and nonjudgmental throughout the entire interview.Adriana is currently a 33-year-old Mexican American left handed female with a hearing disability. She currently has no hearing in her right ear and has only 10% in her left ear. She has two hearing aids and is able to communicate by reading lips, text messaging, and by email. She is not able to communicate utilizing a telephone. She has been bilingual (Spanish and English) since the age of about five. Adriana lost most of hearing at the age of seven because she was afflicted with polio. She mentioned that she was sick for a week and was never hospitalized.She suffered from high fevers and lost the majority of her hearing over the course of a eek. She went from being able to hear the chirping ofa bird to only being able to hear muffled voices! She obtained hearing aids about two weeks after being afflicted with polio. She went through extensive amounts of speech therapy during and outside of the school setting. However, she has always excelled academically in school. She claims that most of the teachers were accommodating and let her sit in the front of the class. However, she did mention that she was ridiculed throughout her grade school years.She claims that her classmates would throw â€Å"spit balls† at her and make fun of her speech impediment. She never lashed out at people and tried to ignore their immature behavior. She mentions that she was lucky to have older brothers that were very protective. Many peopl e felt that she was â€Å"freeloading† because of her Mexican heritage and did not get to know her or even recognize that she was also an American. She mentioned that her parents came to America legally n their green cards) and became Mexican American citizens. Adriana mentioned that she was not popular and only associated with a few friends.She was very emotional during this topic! She would â€Å"tear up† at times because she felt like she was reliving bad memories. She felt like no one could relate to her because no one else had a disability and was a â€Å"minority. † It was also hard for her to realize that her hearing was gradually deteriorating! She currently has a Bachelor's Degree in Media and the Fine Arts and an Associate's Degree in Medical Billing and Coding. She is currently working at a doctor's office part time utilizing her Medical Billing and Coding degree.She does not seem passionate about her Job because she is in a private office (by herself ) doing computer coding. She feels excluded because she cannot fulfill the entire Job description. She is only able to complete the paperwork/ omputer portion of her current position. She is unable to communicate by telephone and feels incompetent because of her speech/hearing impediment. She always dreamt about becoming a nurse and wanted to follow in the footsteps of her older siblings. She knew that she would be unable to fulfill her dream because her hearing loss would affect her Job performance.Despite struggling and having a low self esteem, she found a husband that is able to look past her disability. Her body language and tone of voice seemed to change when we were talking about her husband. She seemed to be very comfortable talking about him and was very open bout answering questions. Her face lit up, there was excitement in her answers, and she appeared less tense. She has been married for five years to her husband named Gabriel and resides in Portage, Indiana. She has no children but has two cats and dogs! She constantly has nephews and nieces that spend the night.They refer to her as the â€Å"favorite† aunt. She stated, â€Å"l love spending time with my nieces and nephews, however when I have had enough then I can send them home. † They call her â€Å"Auntie Nana† and she displays their artwork proudly throughout her house and on the refrigerator. Adriana grew up in a single-family household in Whiting, Indiana. Her father was in her life for about seven years. She claims that he cheated on her mother and she kicked him out of the house. Adriana is a middle child of four brothers and sisters. Her mother worked at a nursing home as a Janitor and did not make much money.Her older brother and sister would often look after the younger children when her mother was at work. She was raised Catholic and presently attends church weekly. She grew up in a bilingual and strict household. She was expected to have chores and homework done by the time her mother was home. She still remains close with her family and sees them on a regular basis. I was shocked to find out that she has not spoken to her father for almost a decade. She also confided in me that she has about 15 half brothers/sisters from her father's â€Å"mistresses. She has emailed four of them and does not know anything about the other siblings. I was also amazed that since she has such a large Mexican family, she only participates in some Mexican traditions. She mentioned that her large, extended family gathers together for birthdays, Cinco de Mayo, and holidays. They typically indulge in Mexican Cuisine, such as: tamales, guacamole, tacos, and flautas. She stated that growing up with a disability and being Mexican was never easy. Adriana mentioned that she experienced racism when she was younger. She experienced racial profiling and was referred to as a â€Å"Spic. They would ask her if sne nad a green card and it sne was an illegal alien. Her mothe r's lower socioeconomic status was reflected in Adriana's wardrobe. She also mentioned she received free and reduced school lunches. Her classmates ridiculed her for all of these things. She did not socialize with many students and often sat by herself in the cafeteria. She felt alone because of her disability and race. She often felt that eople were making fun of her and talking behind her back. In her current work environment she often feels looked down upon because of her hearing disability.Adriana still has an upbeat personality despite all of the adversities in her life. She views herself as being successful and accomplished. She overcame the odds and went to college and obtained two degrees. She is married, has a Job, and owns a home. She credits much of her success to having a supportive and loving family. Her mother always encouraged and inspired her to pursue her dreams and never treated her differently from any of her other siblings (without disabilities). Adriana was rais ed with love and discipline. Her mother was never embarrassed to punish her or her siblings in public.They were taught that nothing is free and that they have to work hard for what they have. There are three nurses in her family and each of her siblings has their own homes and Jobs. She did mention that she grew up in a poverty stricken environment. Her mother was on welfare and food stamps throughout the course of her childhood. Her clothing was either from Goodwill and/ or second hand clothing from her older siblings. She lived in a three-bedroom house and shared a room with four of her sisters. As a counselor, I have learned not to have a pre-conceived notion about a client.I have also learned that you cannot Judge a book by its cover. Adriana has overcome many obstacles/hurdles in her life that most people could never imagine. She is legally â€Å"deaf† and has never once given up on pursuing her goals. She mentioned that she is a candidate for the cochlear implant but do es not want to undergo the procedure. She assured me that she has learned to adjust her life around her hearing deficit. I have learned that she is not defined by her disability but by her ability! I felt empathetic towards the amount of bullying that she had endured.She was never once vengeful but was saddened that certain individuals could physically and emotionally torment someone. As a counselor, I would advocate for this client by helping her obtain information on disability and social security. Due to her socioeconomic status, transportation may need to be provided for appointments to/from the counseling sessions. I would also provide her with a list of vocational rehabilitation offices to help her obtain information related to employment, assistive technology, and transition services.Other resources that can be valuable to Adriana include a sign language translator and a videophone. I can also provide information on support groups for individuals with hearing disabilities. I feel that she would benefit from individual and family counseling despite having a positive outlook on her scenario. This interview made me realize that someone with a minority/disability can overcome obstacles that seem nonexistent to someone without a disability or a minority. She may have had many struggles throughout her life, but was fortunate to have the support of her mother nd siblings.Even though Adriana is a minority with a disability, she has a positive attitude towards life. She takes everything in stride and does not want sympathy. Adriana has always been successful and seems to excel despite her disability. Overcoming many adversities, sne remains optimistic about ner tuture. She is ag advocate and role model for minorities with a disability. She is a role model to her nieces and nephews. She constantly encourages them to pursue their dreams and a higher education. She does not let her disability limit her lifestyle or outlook on life. Cultural interview Adriana was going to react to certain topics/questions and this made me apprehensive about conducting the interview. I was nervous that she might feel vulnerable about her hearing impediment since she is a private individual. She was ridiculed in school and did not have many friends. I was unaware if Adriana would avoid questions or become emotional about her childhood. I was also apprehensive about mentioning her nationality and if she felt that she had experienced racism. I remained empathetic and nonjudgmental throughout the entire interview.Adriana is currently a 33-year-old Mexican American left handed female with a hearing disability. She currently has no hearing in her right ear and has only 10% in her left ear. She has two hearing aids and is able to communicate by reading lips, text messaging, and by email. She is not able to communicate utilizing a telephone. She has been bilingual (Spanish and English) since the age of about five. Adriana lost most of hearing at the age of seven because she was afflicted with polio. She mentioned that she was sick for a week and was never hospitalized.She suffered from high fevers and lost the majority of her hearing over the course of a eek. She went from being able to hear the chirping ofa bird to only being able to hear muffled voices! She obtained hearing aids about two weeks after being afflicted with polio. She went through extensive amounts of speech therapy during and outside of the school setting. However, she has always excelled academically in school. She claims that most of the teachers were accommodating and let her sit in the front of the class. However, she did mention that she was ridiculed throughout her grade school years.She claims that her classmates would throw â€Å"spit balls† at her and make fun of her speech impediment. She never lashed out at people and tried to ignore their immature behavior. She mentions that she was lucky to have older brothers that were very protective. Many peopl e felt that she was â€Å"freeloading† because of her Mexican heritage and did not get to know her or even recognize that she was also an American. She mentioned that her parents came to America legally n their green cards) and became Mexican American citizens. Adriana mentioned that she was not popular and only associated with a few friends.She was very emotional during this topic! She would â€Å"tear up† at times because she felt like she was reliving bad memories. She felt like no one could relate to her because no one else had a disability and was a â€Å"minority. † It was also hard for her to realize that her hearing was gradually deteriorating! She currently has a Bachelor's Degree in Media and the Fine Arts and an Associate's Degree in Medical Billing and Coding. She is currently working at a doctor's office part time utilizing her Medical Billing and Coding degree.She does not seem passionate about her Job because she is in a private office (by herself ) doing computer coding. She feels excluded because she cannot fulfill the entire Job description. She is only able to complete the paperwork/ omputer portion of her current position. She is unable to communicate by telephone and feels incompetent because of her speech/hearing impediment. She always dreamt about becoming a nurse and wanted to follow in the footsteps of her older siblings. She knew that she would be unable to fulfill her dream because her hearing loss would affect her Job performance.Despite struggling and having a low self esteem, she found a husband that is able to look past her disability. Her body language and tone of voice seemed to change when we were talking about her husband. She seemed to be very comfortable talking about him and was very open bout answering questions. Her face lit up, there was excitement in her answers, and she appeared less tense. She has been married for five years to her husband named Gabriel and resides in Portage, Indiana. She has no children but has two cats and dogs! She constantly has nephews and nieces that spend the night.They refer to her as the â€Å"favorite† aunt. She stated, â€Å"l love spending time with my nieces and nephews, however when I have had enough then I can send them home. † They call her â€Å"Auntie Nana† and she displays their artwork proudly throughout her house and on the refrigerator. Adriana grew up in a single-family household in Whiting, Indiana. Her father was in her life for about seven years. She claims that he cheated on her mother and she kicked him out of the house. Adriana is a middle child of four brothers and sisters. Her mother worked at a nursing home as a Janitor and did not make much money.Her older brother and sister would often look after the younger children when her mother was at work. She was raised Catholic and presently attends church weekly. She grew up in a bilingual and strict household. She was expected to have chores and homework done by the time her mother was home. She still remains close with her family and sees them on a regular basis. I was shocked to find out that she has not spoken to her father for almost a decade. She also confided in me that she has about 15 half brothers/sisters from her father's â€Å"mistresses. She has emailed four of them and does not know anything about the other siblings. I was also amazed that since she has such a large Mexican family, she only participates in some Mexican traditions. She mentioned that her large, extended family gathers together for birthdays, Cinco de Mayo, and holidays. They typically indulge in Mexican Cuisine, such as: tamales, guacamole, tacos, and flautas. She stated that growing up with a disability and being Mexican was never easy. Adriana mentioned that she experienced racism when she was younger. She experienced racial profiling and was referred to as a â€Å"Spic. They would ask her if sne nad a green card and it sne was an illegal alien. Her mothe r's lower socioeconomic status was reflected in Adriana's wardrobe. She also mentioned she received free and reduced school lunches. Her classmates ridiculed her for all of these things. She did not socialize with many students and often sat by herself in the cafeteria. She felt alone because of her disability and race. She often felt that eople were making fun of her and talking behind her back. In her current work environment she often feels looked down upon because of her hearing disability.Adriana still has an upbeat personality despite all of the adversities in her life. She views herself as being successful and accomplished. She overcame the odds and went to college and obtained two degrees. She is married, has a Job, and owns a home. She credits much of her success to having a supportive and loving family. Her mother always encouraged and inspired her to pursue her dreams and never treated her differently from any of her other siblings (without disabilities). Adriana was rais ed with love and discipline. Her mother was never embarrassed to punish her or her siblings in public.They were taught that nothing is free and that they have to work hard for what they have. There are three nurses in her family and each of her siblings has their own homes and Jobs. She did mention that she grew up in a poverty stricken environment. Her mother was on welfare and food stamps throughout the course of her childhood. Her clothing was either from Goodwill and/ or second hand clothing from her older siblings. She lived in a three-bedroom house and shared a room with four of her sisters. As a counselor, I have learned not to have a pre-conceived notion about a client.I have also learned that you cannot Judge a book by its cover. Adriana has overcome many obstacles/hurdles in her life that most people could never imagine. She is legally â€Å"deaf† and has never once given up on pursuing her goals. She mentioned that she is a candidate for the cochlear implant but do es not want to undergo the procedure. She assured me that she has learned to adjust her life around her hearing deficit. I have learned that she is not defined by her disability but by her ability! I felt empathetic towards the amount of bullying that she had endured.She was never once vengeful but was saddened that certain individuals could physically and emotionally torment someone. As a counselor, I would advocate for this client by helping her obtain information on disability and social security. Due to her socioeconomic status, transportation may need to be provided for appointments to/from the counseling sessions. I would also provide her with a list of vocational rehabilitation offices to help her obtain information related to employment, assistive technology, and transition services.Other resources that can be valuable to Adriana include a sign language translator and a videophone. I can also provide information on support groups for individuals with hearing disabilities. I feel that she would benefit from individual and family counseling despite having a positive outlook on her scenario. This interview made me realize that someone with a minority/disability can overcome obstacles that seem nonexistent to someone without a disability or a minority. She may have had many struggles throughout her life, but was fortunate to have the support of her mother nd siblings.Even though Adriana is a minority with a disability, she has a positive attitude towards life. She takes everything in stride and does not want sympathy. Adriana has always been successful and seems to excel despite her disability. Overcoming many adversities, sne remains optimistic about ner tuture. She is ag advocate and role model for minorities with a disability. She is a role model to her nieces and nephews. She constantly encourages them to pursue their dreams and a higher education. She does not let her disability limit her lifestyle or outlook on life.

Animal Testing Necessity or Cruelty

Animal Testing: Necessity or Cruelty Animal testing stands for using animals in different scientific experiments, mostly related to medicine, pharmaceutical and beauty industry. Some animals are purpose-bred, so from the very beginning their life is meant to finish in the laboratory, others are caught in the wild or bought from the auctions. Almost 100% of the animals, taking part in these experiments either die themselves or are euthanized. This cruel practice goes back to the dawn of science and is still very popular with scientists of different branches. Some people think that the end justifies the means, and that it is impossible to go forward in medicine and pharmacy without animal testing, since it goes without saying, that no humans, even those sentenced to death, can be possibly involved. So we have no way out, but to follow this non-humane practice, for the sake of scientific development. But there exists another quite large group of scientists, who are confirmed that animal testing is not necessary. Moreover, it can lead to a disaster, since the reaction of animals and humans to this or that agent is very different, sometimes even dangerously different. This difference resulted in a real tragedy that took place in the middle of 20th century, when after successful animal testing of the thalidomide, it was tried by pregnant women, which ended up by giving birth to more that 10 0000 babies with congenial physical defects, even though it worked well with animals. Frankly speaking, I don’t know, what will be the right way out of animal testing issue. All I know is that it is cruel, sometimes it leads to the tragedy and if there is a chance to avoid it, it should be done by all means. I am not a scientist, so it is hard for me to say, if it is possible to do without it completely. At least, we should definitely find a way to respect the rights of animals and be responsible for the things we do.